Wednesday, January 9, 2013
... KISAH HARU SEORANG IBU ...
Seorang
ibu mengintip dari celah pintu di dekat dapur. Mencoba menahan air
matanya yang sudah terkumpul di matanya yang sudah mulai keriput.
Hatinya sakit, setetes air mata yang ia tahanpun akhirnya jatuh
membasahi pipi. Ia terharu melihat keberhasilan anaknya, yang baru saja
naik pangkat di Perusahaan tempat anaknya bekerja. Tapi layaknya seorang
ibu, ia seharusnya berada di samping anaknya untuk ikut merasakan
kebahagiaan.
Dalam hati Ia membatin, 'Selamat yaa Nak... Ibu juga bahagia jika melihat kau bahagia."
Sebuah kalimat yang tulus dari lubuk hati paling dalam dari seorang
Ibu. Air matanya menyiratkan kebahagiaan, tapi miris melihat kenyataan
yang ada. Tiba-tiba ia teringat perkataan anaknya.
"Pokoknya,
kalau teman-teman dan atasanku datang, Ibu tidak boleh ikut merayakan
bersama kami di ruangan itu dan jangan pernah bertemu dengan teman atau
atasanku." kata anaknya dengan lantang.
"Aku tidak mau mereka
tahu kalau aku punya ibu dengan satu mata dan penyakitan. Jadi Ibu lebih
baik di dapur saja yaa." Anaknya mengucapkan kata-kata itu dengan
enteng, tanpa memikirkan perasaan ibunya.
"Iya Nak."Sebuah jawaban yang begitu tulus dari mulut seorang ibu.
Anaknya yang lupa diri itu menikmati semua masakan bersama teman-temannya, semua makanan disiapkan oleh ibunya.
Kemudian salah satu atasannya bertanya, "masakan siapa ini ? enak sekali."
"Itu masakan Ibu saya, Pak." jawab si anak itu.
"Wah,masakannya enak sekali. Sampaikan salamku untuk Ibumu ya, katakan
padanya bahwa saya menyukai masakannya yang lezat ini." tutur atasannya
terkagum-kagum.
"Baik pak!" jawab anak muda itu.
Beberapa waktu kemudian, si anak itu kembali naik jabatan, untuk
merayakannya ia kembali mengadakan acara makan-makan di rumah bersama
teman-teman dan atasannya. Dan seperti sebelumnya, sang Ibu hanya ikut
merayakan keberhasilan anaknya itu di dapur dan bersedih.
Teman-teman dan atasan si anak muda itu sangat menikmati masakan lezat sang Ibu. Masakan yang benar-benar lezat.
Kemudian atasannya berkata, "pasti ini masakan ibumu, kan?"
"Iya, Pak."
"Di mana beliau sekarang ?"
Sang anak kebingungan menjawab pertanyaan atasannya itu, ia mencoba
mencari alasan agar mereka tidak tahu keadaan Ibunya.Tapi tiba-tiba
atasannya melihat seorang ibu-ibu tua berada di dapur.
Iapun segera menghampiri ibu itu dan berkata, "Ibu yang memasak semua masakan ini,kan?"
Ibu itu sedikit ragu dan menjawab, "ii.iii...iiya, Pak."
"Wah masakan Ibu enak sekali. Saya sangat menikmatinya.Tapi mengapa Ibu tidak ikut makan bersama kami?"
Pertanyaan atasan anak ibu itu membuat sang ibu terdiam. Tiba-tiba si
anak menghampiri Ibunya itu dengan menyeret ibunya ke belakang.
"Kan aku sudah bilang, Ibu tidak boleh bertemu dengan atasan atau teman-temanku. Aku malu!" si anak sangat marah.
"Maafkan Ibu, Nak" Ibu itu mencoba meminta maaf kepada anaknya.
Lalu anak itu berkata, "cukup Bu !!! mulai sekarang Ibu tidak boleh tinggal bersamaku lagi."
Sambil menangis, Ibu itu terus meminta maaf kepada anaknya. Tapi anak itu seperti berusaha tidak memperdulikan ibunya.
Pada akhirnya, anak muda tersebut membelikan sebuah rumah kecil untuk
ditinggali ibunya. Hal itu ia lakukan agar tak ada yang tahu keadaan
ibunya. Kasihan sekali ibunya, sudah sakit-sakitan dan dicampakan
anaknya.
Kemudian sang anak kembali naik jabatan, kali ini
adalah jabatan tertinggi. Sebuah acara yang lebih besar telah ia
persiapkan. Tanpa Ibunya untuk menyiapkan hidangan seperti biasanya.
Ibunya mengetahui kabar suka cita itu dan si ibu menitipkan sebuah surat
kepada seseorang untuk di berikan kepada anaknya.
Dalam surat itu tertulis :
Untuk Anakku tersayang, ..
Selamat atas keberhasilanmu, Nak... Ibu sangat bahagia. Maaf Ibu tidak
bisa datang, karena Ibu tahu kamu tidak menginginkan kedatangan Ibu. Ibu
tahu kamu malu dengan keadaan Ibu, seorang Ibu yang hanya punya satu
mata dan penyakitan pula.
Tapi perlu kamu ketahui Nak! salah
satu mata ini kuberikan padamu, ketika kamu mengalami kecelakaan waktu
kecil. Ibu rela Nak..Ibu rela..Asalkan kamu bahagia.
Buat
teman-teman,jangan pernah Sia-siakan Ibu kalian. Kalian mungkin tidak
pernah tahu seberapa besar pengorbanan seorang ibu untuk kita. Ibu akan
melakukan apapun bahkan mengorbankan harta serta nyawa demi kebahagiaan
kita.
U n I miss U so much.... Mom...!!
Friday, January 4, 2013
Hamba Apakah Aku?
Azan sedang
berkumandang.
"Ah...jap
lagilah solat. Nak abeskan baca facebook dulu".
Bebola mataku
yang sebelum ini berwarna tahi cicak, hitam putih beransur-ansur bertukar
menjadi bebola api. Merahnya begitu menyengat.
"Aduhhhhh...Sakitnya
mata. Lenguhnya tengkuk. Lah...patutlah dah kul 4 petang. Tak sedar plak dah
lama main facebook".
Dan aku pun
menunaikan solat Zohor tanpa nafsu sebagai hamba. Sekadar tonggang tonggek dan
memberi salam kiri kanan. Bagai kilat menyambar begitulah kepantasan aku solat
dengan doa yang paling pendek. Kadang-kadang tak doa pun.
Aku minta apa
dalam doa pun aku tak tahu. Cuma mulut aku terkumat kamit membaca karangan
Bahasa Arab. Jasadku di atas sejadah. Roh, jiwa dan fikiranku terbang menggapai
langit-langit yang indah. "Oh! Ada awek cun add aku tadi. Jap lagi nak
usha facebook dialah".
Semangatnya
aku.
Aku ulangi
tabiat yang sangat baik ini setiap hari. Berjam-jam lamanya aku di dunia
internet. Macam-macam yang aku layari. Orang kata nak jelajah dunia kena
belayar di laut. Aku jelajah dunia dengan belayar di internet.
Aku puas.
HAMBA APAKAH
AKU?
Dunia internet.
Facebook. Twitter. Blog. Agaknya ada lagi yang lebih penting daripada Allah?
Kita ini hamba.
Hamba kepada Tuan yang sangat besar kuasa-Nya. Sangat tinggi kasih sayang-Nya.
Dengan hanya sedikit limpahan rahmat-Nya dimasukkan ke dalam dada semua
hamba-Nya. Kita mampu pula berkasih sayang sesama kita.
Mampu
menghubungi antara satu sama lain dengan nikmat internet yang diberi Allah.
Dia yang
mencipta kita. Untuk apa?
Semata-mata
hanya untuk beribadat kepada Allah. Alah mencipta dunia dan segenap
perhiasannya untuk dijadikan medan tarbiyyah buat kita. Ibarat mencipta akhirat
untuk tempat penghisaban amalan dan mencipta pula neraka dan syurga sebagai
tempat balasan kita. Ia tempat yang kekal abadi. Yang tidak ada kematian lagi.
Ia tempat terakhir perjalanan roh.
Berfacebook,
berchatting dan bermain game adakah suatu ibadat untuk kita persembahkan kepada
Allah?Adakah dengan komponen-komponen di dalam aktiviti ini mampu menjadi batu
asas binaan mahligai di syurga kelak?
Oh! Di mana
nilai kita sebagai seorang hamba di mata Allah? Tidakkah kita risau?
Seorang hamba
itu hidupnya tidak dihiasi dengan bermaksiat. Hatta "bermaksiat"
dengan waktu. Hatinya seringkali diservis untuk perjalanan yang jauh menuju ke
padang mahsyar. Dia telah bersiap siaga dengan bekalan amalan di dunia.
Tidak ada
perintah yang lebih dijunjung oleh seorang hamba Allah itu melainkan perintah
Allah.
Dia merdeka
daripada keterikatan kepada makhluk, hawa nafsu dan kebendaan.
Kebergantungannya hanya kepada Allah yang semakin hari semakin kuat, sehingga
ia mampu hidup berdikari dan tidak mengharap ihsan orang lain.
Cukuplah Allah
sebagai penghibur hatinya. Bukan internet. Bukan game. Bukan Facebook. Bukan
movie Korea. Bukan chatting.
Itulah nilai
seorang hamba Allah. Makin hari makin sayang dengan Allah. Makin hari makin
tenang dalam dakapan kasih sayang Allah.
Seperti dalam
firman Allah SWT dalam surah as-syams, manusia itu dikurniakan dua pilihan
jalan, jalan KETAQWAAN dan jalan
kefasikan. Beruntunglah yang memilih jalan ketaqwaan dan merugilah yang memilih
jalan kefasikan.
Friday, December 28, 2012
URINARY TRACT INFECTION
A.
Definition
A urinary tract
infection (UTI) is a
bacterial infection
that affects any part of the urinary
tract. Symptoms include frequent feeling and/or need to urinate, pain
during urination,
and cloudy urine. The main causal agent is Escherichia coli. Although urine contains a
variety of fluids, salts, and waste products, it does not usually have bacteria
in it, but when bacteria get into the bladder
or kidney and
multiply in the urine, they may cause a UTI.
The most common type of UTI is acute cystitis often
referred to as a bladder infection. An infection of the upper urinary tract or
kidney is known as pyelonephritis, and is potentially more serious.
Although they cause discomfort, urinary tract infections can usually be easily
treated with a short course of antibiotics with no significant difference
between the classes of antibiotics commonly used.
B.
Signs and symptoms
The most common symptoms of a bladder infection are
burning with urination (dysuria), frequency of urination, an urge to urinate, no vaginal
discharge, and no significant pain. An upper urinary tract infection or
pyelonephritis may also present with flank
(abdominal) pain and a fever. Healthy women have an average of 5 days of symptoms.
The symptoms of urinary tract infections may vary with
age and the part of the urinary system that was affected. In young children,
urinary tract infection symptoms may include diarrhea, loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting,
fever, and excessive crying that cannot be resolved by typical measures. Older
children on the other hand may experience abdominal
pain, or incontinence. Lower urinary tract infections in adults may
manifest with symptoms including hematuria
(blood in the urine), inability to urinate despite the urge, and malaise.
Other signs of urinary tract infections include
foul-smelling urine and urine that appears cloudy.
Depending on the site of infection, urinary tract
infections may cause different symptoms. Urethritis, meaning only the urethra has been
affected, does not usually cause any other symptoms besides dysuria. However,
if the bladder is affected (cystitis), the patient is likely to experience more
symptoms, including lower abdomen discomfort, low-grade fever, pelvic pressure,
and frequent urination, all together with dysuria.
Whereas in infants the condition may cause jaundice and hypothermia,
in the elderly,
symptoms of urinary tract infections may include lethargy and a change in mental status, signs that
are otherwise nonspecific.
C.
Risk Factors
1.
Intercourse
In young sexually active women, sex is the
cause of 75–90% of bladder infections, with the risk of infection related to
the frequency of sex. The term "honeymoon cystitis" has been applied
to this phenomenon of frequent UTI during early marriage. In post-menopausal
women, sexual activity does not affect the risk of developing a UTI. Spermicide
use, independent of sexual frequency, increases the risk of UTI.
2.
Gender
Women are more prone to UTIs than men because, in females,
the urethra is
much closer to the anus
and is shorter than in males; furthermore, women lack the bacteriostatic
properties of prostatic
secretions. Among the elderly, UTI frequency is roughly equal in women and men.
This is due, in part, to an enlarged prostate in older men. As the
gland grows, it obstructs the urethra, leading to increased frequency of urinary
retention.
3.
Urinary catheters
Urinary catheterization is a risk factor
for urinary tract infections. The risk of an associated infection can be
decreased by catheterizing
only when necessary, using aseptic technique for insertion, and
maintaining unobstructed closed drainage of the catheter. Infections can also
be reduced by reducing the number of medically unnecessary catheters placed
each year. In 2009, nearly 9.8m indwelling catheters were placed in hospitals
with up to 38% considered medically unnecessary. Utilizing alternatives
to indwelling catheters such as external collection devices, may significantly
reduce catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI).
4.
Others
A predisposition for bladder infections may run in families. Other
risk factors include diabetes. While ascending infections
are, in general, the rule for lower urinary tract infections, the same is not
necessarily true for upper urinary tract infections like pyelonephritis, which
may originate from a blood-borne infection.
D.
Pathogenesis
The most common organism implicated in UTI (80–85%) is E.
coli, while Staphylococcus saprophyticus is
the cause in 5–10%. The bladder wall, in common with most epithelia is coated
with a variety of cationic antimicrobial peptides such as the defensins and cathelicidin
which disrupt the integrity of bacterial cell walls. In addition, there are
also mannosylated proteins present, such as Tamm-Horsfall proteins (THP), which
interfere with the binding of bacteria to the uroepithelium. As binding is an
important factor in establishing pathogenicity for these organisms, its
disruption results in reduced capacity for invasion of the tissues. Moreover,
the unbound bacteria are more easily removed when voiding. The use of urinary
catheters (or other physical trauma) may physically disturb this protective
lining, thereby allowing bacteria to invade the exposed epithelium.
During cystitis, uropathogenic Escherichia
coli (UPEC) subvert innate defenses by invading superficial umbrella
cells and rapidly increasing in numbers to form intracellular bacterial
communities (IBCs). By working together, bacteria in biofilms build themselves
into structures that are more firmly anchored in infected cells and are more
resistant to immune-system assaults and antibiotic treatments. This is often
the cause of chronic urinary tract infections.
E.
Prevention
The following are measures that studies suggest may
reduce the incidence of urinary tract infections.
1.
A prolonged course (six months to a year) of low-dose
antibiotics (usually nitrofurantoin or TMP/SMX) is effective in reducing the
frequency of UTI in those with recurrent UTI.
2.
Cranberry (juice or capsules) may decrease the incidence of
UTI in those with frequent infections. Long-term tolerance, however, is an issue.
Subsequent research has questioned these findings.
3.
For post-menopausal women intravaginal application of
topical estrogens was found to greatly reduce or prevent recurrent cystitis. As
opposed to topical creams, the use of vaginal estrogen pessaries was not
as useful as low dose antibiotics. E. coli
continues to evolve multi-drug resistance, which bears on the
evaluation of appropriate empiric therapy.
4.
Studies have shown that breastfeeding can reduce the
risk of UTIs in infants.
A number of measures have not been confirmed to affect
UTI frequency including: the use of birth control pills or condoms, voiding
after sex, the type of underwear used, personal hygiene methods used after
voiding or defecating,
and whether one takes a bath instead of a shower.
F.
Diagnosis
In straight-forward cases, a diagnosis may be made and treatment given
based on symptoms alone without further laboratory confirmation. In complicated
or questionable cases, it may be useful to confirm via urinalysis,
looking for the presence of nitrites, leukocytes, or leukocyte esterase, or via urine
microscopy, looking for the presence of red
blood cells, white blood cells, and bacteria (with
presence of bacteria termed bacteriuria).
Urine culture showing a quantitative count of
greater than or equal to 103 colony-forming units (CFU) per mL of a
typical urinary tract organism along with antibiotic sensitives is useful to
guide antibiotic choice. However, women with negative cultures may still
improve with antibiotic treatment.
Most cases of lower urinary tract infections in females are benign and do
not need exhaustive laboratory work-ups. However, UTI in young infants may
receive some imaging study, typically a retrograde urethrogram, to ascertain the
presence/absence of congenital
urinary tract anomalies.
Differential diagnosis
If the urine
culture is negative:
- Symptoms of urethritis may point at Chlamydia trachomatis or Neisseria gonorrheae infection.
- Symptoms of cystitis may point at interstitial cystitis.
- In men, prostatitis may present with dysuria.
The presence of bacteria in the urinary tract of older adults, without
symptoms or signs of infection, is a well-recognized phenomenon that may not
require antibiotics. This is usually referred to as asymptomatic bacteriuria. The overuse of antibiotics in the context of
bacteriuria among the elderly is an issue of concern.
G.
Treatment
1. Uncomplicated
Uncomplicated UTIs can be diagnosed and treated based on
symptoms alone. Oral antibiotics such as trimethoprim,
cephalosporins,
nitrofurantoin,
or a fluoroquinolone
substantially shorten the time to recovery. All are equally effective for both
short and long term cure rates. About 50% of people will recover without
treatment within a few days or weeks. The Infectious Diseases Society of
America recommends a combination of trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole as a
first-line agent in uncomplicated UTIs rather than fluoroquinolones. Fluoroquinolones
are not recommended first line due to their cost and concern that over use will
increase resistance and thus decrease the utility of
this class for those with severe infections. Resistance has developed in the
community to all of these medications due to their widespread use.
A three-day treatment with trimethoprim, TMP/SMX, or a
fluoroquinolone is usually sufficient, whereas nitrofurantoin requires 7 days.
Trimethoprim is often recommended to be taken at night to ensure maximal
urinary concentrations to increase its effectiveness. While
trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was previously internationally used (and
continues to be used in the U.S. and Canada), the addition of the sulfonamide gives little additional benefit
compared to the trimethoprim component alone. However, it is responsible for a
high incidence of mild allergic reactions and rare but potentially serious
complications. For simple UTIs, children often respond well to a three-day
course of antibiotics.
2. Pyelonephritis
A urinary tract infection that has reached the kidney (pyelonephritis)
is treated more aggressively than a simple bladder infection using either a
longer course of oral antibiotics or intravenous
antibiotics. Regimens vary, and include SMX/TMP and fluoroquinolones. In the
past, they have included aminoglycosides (such as gentamicin) used in
combination with a beta-lactam (such as ampicillin or ceftriaxone). These are
continued for 48 hours after fever subsides.
If there is a poor response to IV antibiotics (marked by
persistent fever, worsening renal function), then imaging is indicated to rule
out formation of an abscess either within or around the kidney, or the presence
of an obstructing lesion such as a kidney
stone or tumor.
3. Recurrent
Women with recurrent simple UTIs may benefit from
self-treatment upon occurrence of symptoms with medical follow-up only if the
initial treatment fails.[4]
Effective treatment can also be delivered over the phone.
H.
Epidemiology
Bladder infections are most common in young women, with 10% of women
getting an infection yearly and 60% having an infection at some point in their
life.[4]
Pyelonephritis occurs between 18–29 times less frequently. Nearly 1 in 3 women
will have had at least 1 episode of urinary tract infections requiring
antimicrobial therapy by the age of 24 years.
The prevalence of urinary tract infections in pre-school and school girls
is 1% to 3%, nearly 30-fold higher than that in boys. Approximately 5% of girls
will develop at least one urinary tract infection during their school years.
Bacteriuria appears to increase in prevalence with age in women, still
being 50 times greater than the one in males. It is estimated that bacteriuria
will be experienced by 20 to 50% of older women and 5 to 20% of older men. In
non-institutionalized elderly populations, urinary tract infections are the
second-most-common form of infection, accounting for nearly 25% of all
infections. The condition rarely occurs in men who are younger than 50 years
old and who did not undergo any genitourinary procedure. However, the incidence
of urinary tract infections in men tends to rise after the age of 50.
According to a 1997 survey, urinary tract infection accounted for nearly
7 million office visits and 1 million emergency department visits, resulting in
100,000 hospitalizations in the United States.
I.
In Pregnancy
Urinary tract infections are more concerning in pregnancy. If
urine testing shows signs of infection even in the absence of symptoms (known
as asymptomatic bacteriuria) women are
treated. Treatment is typically with cephalexin
or nitrofurantoin
as while there are no adequate studies of these antibiotics in pregnant
women, many women have safely used them during pregnancy. On the other hand,
research has shown that pregnancy does not increase risk of asymptomatic
bacteriuria. However, if the bacteriuria is not properly treated, it can significantly
increase the risk of kidney infection in pregnant women.
Pregnancy makes a woman particularly vulnerable to these infections. A pregnant
woman may have high levels of progesterone in the blood, which decreases the
muscle tone of the ureters and bladder.
This leads to a greater likelihood of reflux, where urine flows back up the ureters
and towards the kidneys.
In addition, the growing uterus may compress the ureters, making it harder for
urine to flow through. This, coupled with the urine reflux, gives bacteria more
time to replicate and may aid in infecting the kidneys. Furthermore, during
pregnancy the urine may become less acidic and may contain glucose, two factors
that can increase the risk of bacterial growth and increase a woman’s risk for
a UTI and kidney infection.
Monday, December 3, 2012
Bunga Mawar Dapat Meredakan Nyeri Haid
Kualitas bunga menentukan keberhasilan pemakainya. Mawar yang berkualitas, biasanya mempunyai bau yang harum. Kelompok mawar yang masih segar bisa langsung di seduh bersama teh hijau. Jangan lupa bersihkan sebelum di gunakan sebagai bahan minuman. Dengan minum teh tersebut setiap hari secara teratur, kita akan mendapatkan berbagai senyawa suplemen yang di perlukan tubuh, termasuk senyawa anti oksidan. Jika ingin mengeringkannya cukup masukan kelopak yang sudah di petik kedalam kantong kain, dan di angin-anginkan kelopak bunga yang sudah kering bisa langsung di seduh
dengan campuran daun teh hijau.
Jangan lupa share ya sist biar tulisan ini lebih bermanfaat, mudah-mudahan menjadi amal kebaikan Sista. Terimakasih ^_*
Jangan lupa share ya sist biar tulisan ini lebih bermanfaat, mudah-mudahan menjadi amal kebaikan Sista. Terimakasih ^_*
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